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Makomar 5G daga mahangar sayan gamayya na masu aiki: Ci gaba da juyin halitta na fasahar eriya da yawa.

A cewar ma'aikatar masana'antu da fasahar watsa labaru, a karshen watan Yunin bana, an gina tashoshi na 5G guda 961,000, an kuma hada tashohin wayar salula miliyan 365, wanda ya kai sama da kashi 80 cikin 100 na adadin da ake samu a duniya, sannan akwai fiye da haka. fiye da 10,000 na aikace-aikacen 5G na ƙirƙira a China.

Ci gaban 5G na kasar Sin yana da sauri, amma bai isa ba.Kwanan nan, don gina hanyar sadarwar 5G mai fa'ida mai zurfi da zurfi, China Telecom da China Unicom sun samu hadin gwiwa tashoshi 240,000 2.1g 5G, kuma China Mobile da Rediyo da Talabijin tare da hadin gwiwa sun mallaki tashoshin 5G 480,000 700M 700M, tare da zuba jari na 58. yuan biliyan.

Masana'antar tana mai da hankali sosai kan rabon tallace-tallace na masana'antun gida da na waje, kuma mun sami ci gaban ci gaban 5G daga waɗannan manyan sayayya guda biyu.Masu aiki ba kawai kula da ƙwarewar mai amfani ba kamar ƙarfin hanyar sadarwa na 5G da sauri ba, har ma suna kula da ɗaukar hoto na 5G da ƙarancin wutar lantarki.

5G ya kasance yana samun kasuwancin kusan shekaru biyu kuma ana sa ran zai kai miliyan 1.7 a ƙarshen wannan shekara, tare da ƙarin ƙarin tashoshin 5G miliyan da yawa a cikin shekaru masu zuwa (akwai kusan tashoshin 4G miliyan 6 a China da ƙari. 5G zuwa).

Don haka ina 5G zai tafi daga rabin na biyu na 2021?Ta yaya masu aiki ke gina 5G?Marubucin ya samo wasu amsoshi da aka yi watsi da su daga bukatar sayayya ta gama-gari da kuma matukin fasahar fasahar 5G mafi inganci a wurare daban-daban.

1, idan yana da ƙarin fa'idodi a cikin ginin cibiyar sadarwar 5G

Tare da zurfafa kasuwancin 5G da haɓaka ƙimar shigar 5G, zirga-zirgar wayar hannu tana ƙaruwa da fashewa, kuma mutane za su sami mafi girma da buƙatu akan sauri da ɗaukar hoto na hanyar sadarwar 5G.Bayanai daga ITU da sauran kungiyoyi sun nuna cewa nan da shekarar 2025, mai amfani da fasahar 5G na kasar Sin DOU zai karu daga 15GB zuwa 100GB (26GB a duniya), kuma adadin hanyoyin sadarwa na 5G zai kai biliyan 2.6.

Yadda ake biyan buƙatun 5G na gaba kuma cikin inganci da arha gina cibiyar sadarwar 5G mai inganci tare da faffadan ɗaukar hoto, saurin sauri da kyakkyawar fahimta ya zama matsala cikin gaggawa ga masu aiki a wannan matakin.Menene yakamata masu ɗaukar kaya suyi?

Bari mu fara da mafi m band.A nan gaba, ƙananan mitar mitoci kamar 700M, 800M da 900M, matsakaicin mitar mitar kamar 1.8G, 2.1g, 2.6G da 3.5g, da kuma manyan igiyoyin igiyoyin mitoci masu girma za a haɓaka zuwa 5G.Amma na gaba, masu aiki suna buƙatar yin la'akari da wane nau'in bakan zai fi dacewa da bukatun masu amfani da 5G na yanzu.

Da farko duba ƙananan mita.Ƙananan sigina na bandeji suna da mafi kyawun shigar, fa'idodi a cikin ɗaukar hoto, ƙarancin ginin cibiyar sadarwa da ƙimar kulawa, kuma wasu masu aiki suna da wadatar albarkatun band ɗin mitar, waɗanda sun isa sosai a matakin farko na ginin cibiyar sadarwa.

Masu aiki da ke tura 5G a cikin ƙananan maɗauran mitar suma suna fuskantar matsalolin babban tsangwama da saurin saurin hanyar sadarwa.A cewar gwajin, saurin ƙananan band 5G yana da sauri sau 1.8 kawai fiye da na cibiyar sadarwar 4G mai ƙananan band, wanda har yanzu yana cikin kewayon dubun Mbps.Ana iya cewa ita ce cibiyar sadarwar 5G mafi hankali kuma ba za ta iya biyan buƙatun masu amfani don sanin 5G da gogewa ba.

Saboda sarkar masana'antar da ba ta da girma ta ƙarancin mitar, cibiyoyin kasuwanci na 800M 5G ne kawai aka saki a duniya a halin yanzu, yayin da 900M 5G na kasuwanci ba a fito da su ba tukuna.Saboda haka, ya yi wuri don sake haɓaka 5G a 800M/900M.Ana sa ran cewa sarkar masana'antar za ta iya kan hanya madaidaiciya bayan 2024.

Kuma millimeter taguwar ruwa.Masu gudanar da aiki suna tura 5G a cikin babban igiyoyin milimita, wanda zai iya kawo masu amfani da sauri saurin watsa bayanai, amma nisan watsawa yana da ɗan gajeren lokaci, ko kuma makasudin lokaci na gaba na gini.Wannan yana nufin masu aiki suna buƙatar gina ƙarin tashoshi na 5G kuma su kashe ƙarin kuɗi.Babu shakka, ga masu aiki a halin yanzu, ban da buƙatun ɗaukar hoto mai zafi, sauran al'amuran ba su dace da gina rukunin mitar mita ba.

Kuma a karshe bakan.Masu aiki suna gina 5G a tsakiyar rukuni, wanda zai iya sadar da saurin bayanai da ƙarin ƙarfin bayanai fiye da ƙananan bakan.Idan aka kwatanta da babban bakan, zai iya rage yawan ginin tashar tushe kuma ya rage farashin ginin cibiyar sadarwa na masu aiki.Haka kuma, hanyoyin haɗin masana'antu kamar guntu tasha da kayan aikin tashar tushe sun fi balaga.

Saboda haka, a ra'ayin marubucin, a cikin 'yan shekaru masu zuwa, masu gudanar da aiki za su mayar da hankali kan gina tashoshin 5G a tsakiyar bakan, wanda aka kara da wasu nau'o'in mitar.Ta wannan hanyar, masu aiki zasu iya samun daidaito tsakanin faɗin ɗaukar hoto, farashi da iya aiki.

A cewar THE GSA, akwai fiye da 160 5G cibiyoyin sadarwa a duk duniya, tare da manyan hudu kasancewa 3.5g networks (123), 2.1G networks (21), 2.6G networks (14) da kuma 700M networks (13).Daga ra'ayi na ƙarshe, 3.5g + 2.1g matuƙar masana'antar tasha shine 2 zuwa 3 shekaru gaba, musamman ma 2.1g balagagge ya kusanci 3.5/2.6g.

Manyan masana'antu sune tushen samun nasarar kasuwanci na 5G.Daga wannan hangen nesa, ma'aikatan kasar Sin wadanda ke gina 5G tare da 2.1g + 3.5g da 700M+2.6G suna da fa'ida ta farko a masana'antar a cikin shekaru masu zuwa.

2, FDD 8 t8r

Taimaka wa masu aiki don haɓaka ƙimar matsakaicin mitar

Baya ga bakan, eriya da yawa suma maɓalli ne don biyan buƙatun juyin halitta na cibiyoyin sadarwa na 5G masu aiki.A halin yanzu, 4T4R (eriya masu watsawa huɗu da eriya masu karɓa huɗu) da sauran fasahohin eriyar tashar tushe da aka saba amfani da su a cikin hanyoyin sadarwar 5G FDD ta masu aiki ba za su iya jurewa ƙalubalen da haɓakar zirga-zirgar ababen hawa ke kawowa ta hanyar haɓaka bandwidth kawai ba.

Bugu da ƙari, yayin da masu amfani da 5G ke girma, masu aiki dole ne su ƙara yawan tashoshin tushe don tallafawa haɗin kai mai yawa, wanda ke haifar da ƙara yawan kutse tsakanin masu amfani.Fasahar eriya ta 2T2R da 4T4R na gargajiya ba sa goyan bayan ingantacciyar jagora a matakin mai amfani kuma ba za su iya cimma daidaitaccen katako ba, yana haifar da raguwar saurin mai amfani.

Wace irin fasahar eriya da yawa za ta ba wa masu aiki damar cimma girman ɗaukar hoto na 5G yayin da suke la'akari da abubuwa kamar ƙarfin tashar tushe da ƙwarewar mai amfani?Kamar yadda muka sani, saurin watsawar hanyar sadarwar mara waya ya dogara ne akan yanayin aiki na aikawa da karɓar sigina tsakanin tashar cibiyar sadarwa da na'urorin tasha kamar wayoyi masu wayo, yayin da fasahar eriya da yawa na iya ninka ƙarfin tashar tushe (daidaitaccen katako dangane da shi). Multi-Antenna na iya sarrafa tsangwama).

Don haka, saurin haɓakar 5G yana buƙatar ci gaba da juyin halittar FDD zuwa 8T8R, Massive MIMO da sauran fasahar eriya masu yawa.A ra'ayin marubucin, 8T8R zai zama jagorar gina cibiyar sadarwar 5GFDD a nan gaba don cimma "ƙwarewa da ɗaukar hoto" saboda dalilai masu zuwa.

Na farko, daga madaidaicin ra'ayi, an haɓaka 3GPP a kowane juzu'in yarjejeniya tare da cikakken la'akari da manyan eriya masu yawa.Sigar R17 za ta rage hadaddun tasha da gwajin matsayin tashar tashar ta hanyar bayanan lokaci tsakanin maƙallan sama da ƙasa na tashar tushe.Sigar R18 kuma za ta ƙara ingantaccen coding.

Aiwatar da waɗannan ƙa'idodi na buƙatar aƙalla tashoshin tushe na 5G FDD don samun fasahar eriya ta 8T8R.A lokaci guda, ka'idodin R15 da R16 na zamanin 5G sun inganta aikinsu sosai da goyan bayan 2.1g babban bandwidth 2CC CA.Ka'idojin R17 da R18 kuma za su fitar da ci gaba da juyin halittar FDD Massive MIMO.

Abu na biyu, daga mahangar tashar tashar, 4R (eriya masu karɓar eriya huɗu) na wayoyi masu wayo da sauran tashoshi na iya sakin ƙarfin tashar tashar 2.1g 8T8R, kuma 4R yana zama daidaitaccen tsari na wayoyin hannu na 5G, wanda zai iya yin aiki tare da hanyar sadarwa don haɓaka ƙimar eriya da yawa.

A nan gaba, an shimfida tashoshi na 6R / 8R a cikin masana'antar, kuma an gane fasahar zamani: fasahar shimfidar 6-antenna an gano ta a cikin injin gabaɗaya, kuma an sami goyan bayan tari na ka'idar 8R na al'ada a cikin. na'ura mai sarrafa ta baseband.

Farar takarda mai dacewa ta China Telecom da China Unicom suna ɗaukar 5G 2.1g 4R a matsayin wayar hannu ta tilas, tana buƙatar duk wayoyin hannu na 5G FDD a cikin kasuwar Sinawa don tallafawa Sub3GHz 4R.

Dangane da masana'antun tasha, manyan wayoyin hannu na tsakiya da na ƙarshe sun goyi bayan 5G FDD tsakiyar mitar 1.8/2.1g 4R, kuma wayoyin hannu na 5G FDD na gaba za su goyi bayan Sub 3GHz 4R, wanda zai zama daidaitattun.

A lokaci guda, ƙarfin haɓaka hanyar sadarwa shine babban fa'idar FDD 5G.Dangane da gwajin, ƙwarewar kololuwar haɓakawa na 2.1g manyan-bandwidth 2T (2 watsa eriya) tasha ya wuce na tashoshi 3.5g.Ana iya yin hasashen cewa, ta hanyar gasar da ake yi a kasuwa ta ƙarshe da kuma buƙatar masu aiki, ƙarin manyan wayoyin hannu za su goyi bayan haɓaka 2T a cikin rukunin 2.1g a nan gaba.

Na uku, daga mahangar gogewa, 60% zuwa 70% na buƙatun kwararar wayar hannu na yanzu suna zuwa daga cikin gida, amma bangon siminti mai nauyi a ciki zai zama babban cikas ga tashar Acer na waje don cimma ɗaukar hoto na cikin gida.

Fasahar eriya ta 2.1g 8T8R tana da ƙarfin shiga mai ƙarfi kuma tana iya cimma ɗaukar hoto na cikin gida na gine-ginen zama marasa zurfi.Ya dace da ƙananan sabis na latency kuma yana ba masu aiki ƙarin fa'idodi a gasar gaba.Bugu da ƙari, idan aka kwatanta da tantanin halitta na 4T4R na al'ada, ƙarfin 8T8R tantanin halitta yana ƙaruwa da 70% kuma an ƙara ɗaukar hoto fiye da 4dB.

A ƙarshe, daga hangen nesa na aiki da farashin kulawa, a gefe guda, fasahar eriya ta 8T8R ita ce mafi kyawun zaɓi don ɗaukar hoto na haɓakar birni da ɗaukar hoto na ƙauye, saboda yana da fa'idar haɓakawa kuma baya buƙatar maye gurbinsa cikin shekaru 10. bayan mai aiki ya zuba jari.

A gefe guda, fasahar eriya ta 2.1g 8T8R na iya adana 30% -40% na adadin rukunin yanar gizon idan aka kwatanta da ginin cibiyar sadarwa na 4T4R, kuma an kiyasta cewa TCO na iya adana fiye da 30% a cikin shekaru 7.Ga masu aiki, raguwar adadin tashoshin 5G na nufin hanyar sadarwar za ta iya samun ƙarancin amfani da makamashi a nan gaba, wanda kuma ya yi daidai da burin "carbon dual carbon" na kasar Sin.

Ya kamata a ambata cewa albarkatun sararin samaniya na tashar 5G na yanzu suna da iyaka, kuma kowane ma'aikaci yana da sanda ɗaya ko biyu kawai a kowane bangare.Ana iya haɗa eriya da ke goyan bayan fasahar eriya ta 8T8R cikin eriya ta 3G da 4G ta hanyar sadarwar kai tsaye, suna sauƙaƙa wurin sosai da adana hayar rukunin yanar gizon.

3. FDD 8T8R ba ka'idar ba ce

Masu aiki sun yi gwajinsa a wurare da yawa

FDD 8T8R fasahar eriya da yawa an tura ta kasuwanci fiye da masu aiki 30 a duniya.A kasar Sin, ma'aikatan gida da yawa ma sun kammala tabbatar da kasuwancin 8T8R kuma sun sami sakamako mai kyau.

A watan Yuni na wannan shekara, Xiamen Telecom da Huawei sun kammala bude rukunin farko na 4/5G dual-mode 2.1g 8T8R a duniya.Ta hanyar gwajin, an gano cewa zurfin ɗaukar hoto na 5G 2.1g 8T8R yana haɓaka da fiye da 4dB kuma ƙarfin saukar da ƙasa yana ƙaruwa da fiye da 50% idan aka kwatanta da 4T4R na gargajiya.

A watan Yulin bana, Cibiyar Nazarin Unicom ta kasar Sin da Guangzhou Unicom sun hada hannu da Huawei don kammala tantance rukunin farko na kamfanin Sin Unicom Group na 5G FDD 8T8R a waje da tsibirin Guangzhou na Halittu.Dangane da bandwidth na FDD 2.1g 40MHz, ma'aunin filin na 8T8R yana haɓaka ɗaukar hoto na 5dB da ƙarfin tantanin halitta har zuwa 70% idan aka kwatanta da tantanin halitta na 4T4R na gargajiya.