labarai

Babban tushen fasaha don zaɓar kebul na coaxial don wani dalili shine kayan lantarki, kayan aikin injiniya da halayen muhalli.A wasu wurare, aikin wuta yana da mahimmanci.Duk waɗannan kaddarorin sun dogara da tsarin kebul da kayan da ake amfani da su.
Mafi mahimmancin kaddarorin lantarki na kebul ɗin sune ƙarancin attenuation, rashin daidaituwa iri ɗaya, babban asarar dawowa, kuma mahimmin mahimmin kebul ɗin yayyo shine mafi kyawun asarar haɗin haɗin gwiwa.Mafi mahimmancin kayan aikin injiniya sune kaddarorin masu sassauƙa (musamman a ƙananan yanayin zafi), ƙarfin ƙarfi, ƙarfin matsawa da juriya.Hakanan ya kamata igiyoyi su iya jure matsalolin muhalli yayin sufuri, ajiya, shigarwa da amfani.Waɗannan dakarun na iya zama sanadin yanayi, ko kuma suna iya zama sakamakon sinadarai ko halayen muhalli.Idan an shigar da kebul ɗin a wani wuri da ke da buƙatun aminci na wuta, aikin wutar kuma yana da matukar muhimmanci, daga cikinsu abubuwa uku masu mahimmanci sune: jinkirin ƙonewa, yawan hayaki da sakin iskar halogen.

Babban aikin kebul shine watsa sigina, don haka yana da mahimmanci cewa tsarin kebul da kayan aiki suna samar da halayen watsawa mai kyau a duk tsawon rayuwar kebul, wanda za'a tattauna dalla-dalla a ƙasa.
1. Inner conductor
Copper shine babban kayan da ke cikin ciki, wanda zai iya kasancewa a cikin nau'o'i masu zuwa: waya na jan karfe da aka rufe, bututun jan karfe, mai rufi na aluminum.Yawanci, madugu na ciki na ƙananan igiyoyi shine wayar tagulla ko kuma waya ta aluminum mai sanyaya da tagulla, yayin da manyan igiyoyi ke amfani da bututun tagulla don rage nauyi da farashi.Babban madubin waje na USB yana da taguwa, ta yadda za a iya samun kyakkyawan aikin lankwasawa.
Mai gudanarwa na ciki yana da tasiri mai girma akan watsa siginar saboda raguwa ya fi haifar da asarar juriya na ciki.The conductivity, musamman da surface watsin, ya kamata a matsayin high kamar yadda zai yiwu, da kuma general abin da ake bukata shi ne 58MS / m (+20 ℃), domin a high mita, halin yanzu ana daukar kwayar cutar ne kawai a cikin wani bakin ciki Layer a kan madugu surface, wannan sabon abu. ana kiransa sakamako na fata, kuma tasiri mai tasiri na Layer na yanzu ana kiransa zurfin fata.Tebu na 1 yana nuna ƙimar zurfin fata na bututun jan karfe da wayoyi na aluminium masu sanye da tagulla a matsayin madugu na ciki a takamaiman mitoci.
Ingancin kayan jan ƙarfe da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin jagorar ciki yana da girma sosai, yana buƙatar cewa kayan jan ƙarfe ya kamata ya zama marar ƙazanta, kuma saman yana da tsabta, santsi da santsi.Diamita mai gudanarwa na ciki ya kamata ya zama barga tare da ƙananan haƙuri.Duk wani canji a diamita zai rage daidaituwar impedance da asarar dawowa, don haka ya kamata a sarrafa tsarin masana'anta daidai.

2. Mai gudanarwa na waje
Mai gudanarwa na waje yana da ayyuka na asali guda biyu: na farko shine aikin madauki, na biyu kuma shine aikin garkuwa.Mai gudanar da waje na kebul mai ɗigo shima yana ƙayyade aikin sa.Kebul ɗin coaxial feeder na waje da kebul mai sassauƙa yana walda shi ta bututun tagulla na birgima.An rufe ma'aunin waje na waɗannan igiyoyi gaba ɗaya, wanda baya ƙyale kowane radiation daga kebul ɗin.
Yawancin madugu na waje ana lulluɓe shi da tef ɗin tagulla.Akwai ramuka masu tsayi ko tsaka-tsaki ko ramuka a cikin layin madugu na waje.Rage madugu na waje ya zama ruwan dare a cikin kebul na corrugated.An kafa kololuwar corrugation ta hanyar yankan tsagi daidai gwargwado tare da axial shugabanci.Matsakaicin ɓangaren yanke ƙananan ne, kuma tazarar ramin ya fi ƙanƙanta da tsayin igiyoyin lantarki da ake watsawa.
Babu shakka, za a iya sanya kebul ɗin da ba ya ƙyale ya zama na USB mai ɗigo ta hanyar sarrafa shi kamar haka: ana yanke madaidaicin igiyar igiyar igiyar igiyar igiyar igiyar igiyar igiyar waya a kusurwar digiri 120 don samun saitin da ya dace. tsarin ramin.
Siffar, faɗi da tsarin ramin kebul ɗin yatsan yatsa yana ƙayyade ma'aunin aikin sa.
Hakanan kayan jan ƙarfe na madubi na waje ya kamata su kasance da inganci mai kyau, tare da haɓaka mai ƙarfi kuma babu ƙazanta.Girman madugu na waje yakamata a kula da shi sosai a cikin kewayon haƙuri don tabbatar da rashin daidaituwa na ɗabi'a da babban asarar dawowa.
Abubuwan da ake amfani da su na walda na waje na bututun jan ƙarfe na birgima sune kamar haka:
Gabaɗaya Rufewa gaba ɗaya mai kariya na waje wanda ba shi da radiation kuma yana hana danshi daga mamayewa.
Yana iya zama mai hana ruwa a tsayi saboda ƙulla zobe
The inji Properties ne sosai barga
Babban ƙarfin injiniya
Kyakkyawan aikin lankwasawa
Haɗin yana da sauƙi kuma abin dogara
Babban kebul ɗin mai sassauƙa yana da ƙaramin radius mai lanƙwasawa saboda zurfin karkace corrugation

3, insulating matsakaici
Rf coaxial na USB matsakaici yana da nisa daga kawai wasa da rawar rufewa, aikin watsawa na ƙarshe an ƙaddara shi ne bayan rufewa, don haka zaɓin matsakaici da tsarinsa yana da mahimmanci.Duk mahimman kaddarorin, kamar attenuation, impedance da asarar dawowa, sun dogara sosai akan rufi.
Mafi mahimmancin buƙatun don rufewa sune:
Low dangi dielectric akai-akai da ƙananan dielectric asarar Angle factor don tabbatar da kananan attenuation
Tsarin yana daidaitawa don tabbatar da rashin daidaituwa iri ɗaya da babban asarar amsawar amsawa
Barga na inji Properties don tabbatar da tsawon rai
hana ruwa
Babban rufin kumfa na jiki zai iya biyan duk buƙatun da ke sama.Tare da ci-gaba extrusion da gas allura fasahar da na musamman kayan, da kumfa digiri iya isa fiye da 80%, don haka lantarki yi yana kusa da iska rufi na USB.A cikin hanyar allurar iskar gas, ana yin allurar nitrogen kai tsaye a cikin matsakaicin abu a cikin mai fitar da shi, wanda kuma aka sani da hanyar kumfa ta zahiri.Idan aka kwatanta da wannan hanyar kumfa na sinadarai, digirinsa na kumfa ba zai iya kaiwa kusan kashi 50% ba, matsakaiciyar asara ta fi girma.Tsarin kumfa da aka samu ta hanyar allurar iskar gas yana da daidaito, wanda ke nufin rashin daidaituwarsa daidai ne kuma asarar amsawar yana da girma.
Kebul ɗin mu na RF suna da kyawawan kaddarorin lantarki saboda ƙaramin kusurwar wutar lantarki da babban matakin kumfa na kayan rufewa.Halayen matsakaicin kumfa sun fi mahimmanci a manyan mitoci.Wannan tsari na kumfa na musamman ne ke ƙayyade ƙarancin aikin kebul ɗin a manyan mitoci.
Na musamman MULTI-LAYER rufi (INNER BAKIN LAYER - FOAMING Layer - matsanancin bakin ciki Layer) co-extrusion tsari na iya samun uniform, rufaffiyar tsarin kumfa, tare da barga inji Properties, high ƙarfi da kyau danshi juriya da sauran halaye.Domin sa na USB har yanzu kula da kyau lantarki yi a cikin m yanayi, mu musamman tsara wani irin na USB: bakin ciki Layer na m core PE aka kara a saman da kumfa rufi Layer.Wannan bakin ciki na waje yana hana kutsawa danshi kuma yana kare aikin lantarki na kebul daga farkon samarwa.Wannan zane yana da mahimmanci musamman ga igiyoyi masu zube tare da ruɗaɗɗen madugu na waje.Bugu da kari, rufin rufin yana lulluɓe tam a kusa da madubi na ciki ta wani bakin ciki na ciki, wanda ke ƙara inganta ƙarfin injin na USB.Bugu da ƙari, ƙirar bakin ciki ya ƙunshi stabilizer na musamman, wanda zai iya tabbatar da daidaituwa tare da jan karfe kuma tabbatar da tsawon rayuwar rayuwar mu na USB.Zaɓi abin da ya dace na bakin ciki na bakin ciki, zai iya samun kyawawan kaddarorin, kamar: juriya na danshi, mannewa da kwanciyar hankali.
Wannan ƙirar rufin rufin multilayer (bakin ciki na ciki - Layer kumfa - Layer na waje na bakin ciki) na iya cimma kyawawan kaddarorin wutar lantarki da ingantaccen kaddarorin inji, don haka inganta rayuwar sabis na dogon lokaci da amincin igiyoyin RF ɗin mu.

4 ,wuce
Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su don kebul na waje shine baƙar fata mai ƙarancin ƙarancin yawa polyethylene, wanda ke da yawa kama da LDPE amma ƙarfin kwatankwacin HDPE.Madadin haka, a wasu lokuta, mun fi son HDPE, wanda ke ba da ingantattun kaddarorin inji da juriya ga gogayya, sunadarai, danshi, da yanayin muhalli daban-daban.
Baƙar fata mai ƙarfi HDPE na iya jure matsalolin yanayi kamar tsananin zafi da matsanancin haskoki na UV.Lokacin jaddada amincin wutar lantarki na igiyoyi, yakamata a yi amfani da ƙarancin hayaki mara halogen kayan hana wuta.A cikin igiyoyi masu yatsa, don rage yaduwar wuta, ana iya amfani da tef ɗin da ke hana wuta tsakanin mai daɗaɗɗen waje da kwasfa don kiyaye rufin rufin da ke da sauƙin narkewa a cikin kebul.

5, aikin wuta
Yawancin igiyoyi masu zubewa ana shigar dasu a wuraren da ke da manyan buƙatun amincin wuta.Amintaccen kebul ɗin da aka shigar yana da alaƙa da aikin wuta na kebul ɗin kanta da wurin shigarwa.Flammability, yawan hayaki da sakin iskar gas halogen abubuwa ne masu mahimmanci guda uku masu alaƙa da aikin wutar kebul.
Yin amfani da sheathing mai ɗaukar wuta da kuma amfani da bel ɗin keɓewar wuta lokacin wucewa ta bango na iya hana wutar yaduwa tare da kebul ɗin.Gwajin ƙonewa mafi ƙanƙanta shine gwajin ƙonewa a tsaye na kebul ɗaya bisa ga ma'aunin IEC332-1.Duk igiyoyi na cikin gida yakamata su cika wannan buƙatu.Mafi tsananin buƙatu shine daidai da daidaitaccen gwajin ƙonewa na IEC332-5.A cikin wannan gwajin, igiyoyin suna ƙonewa a tsaye a cikin ɗaure, kuma ba a yarda tsawon konewar ya wuce ƙimar da aka ƙayyade ba.Yawan igiyoyi suna da alaƙa da ƙayyadaddun kebul na gwaji.Hakanan ya kamata a yi la'akari da yawan hayaki yayin kona na USB.Hayakin yana da ƙarancin gani, ƙamshi mai ƙamshi, kuma mai sauƙin haifar da numfashi da matsalolin firgita, don haka zai kawo wahalhalu don ceto da aikin faɗa.An gwada yawan hayaki na igiyoyin konewa bisa ga ƙarfin watsa haske na IEC 1034-1 da IEC 1034-2, kuma ƙimar da aka saba da shi na watsa haske don ƙananan igiyoyin hayaki ya fi 60%.
PVC na iya biyan bukatun IEC 332-1 da IEC 332-3.Abu ne na yau da kullun da na al'ada don igiyoyi na cikin gida, amma bai dace ba kuma yana iya haifar da mutuwa cikin sauƙin lokacin la'akari da amincin wuta.Lokacin da zafi zuwa wani babban zafin jiki, PVC zai ragu kuma ya samar da halogen acid.Lokacin da aka kona kebul na PVC, 1 kg na PVC zai samar da kilogiram 1 na halogen acid tare da maida hankali na 30% ciki har da ruwa.Saboda wannan yanayin lalata da guba na PVC, buƙatar igiyoyi marasa halogen ya karu sosai a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Ana auna adadin halogen bisa ga ma'aunin IEC 754-1.Idan adadin halogen acid da aka fitar ta duk kayan yayin konewa bai wuce 5mg/g ba, ana ɗaukar kebul ɗin a matsayin mai halogen.
Halogin-free flame retardant (HFFR) na USB sheath kayan gabaɗaya polyolefin mahadi ne tare da ma'adinai masu cika, kamar aluminum hydroxide.Wadannan filaye suna rushewa a kan wuta, suna samar da aluminum oxide da tururin ruwa, wanda ke hana wutar yaduwa.Samfuran konewa na filler da matrix polymer ba mai guba bane, halogen kyauta da ƙarancin hayaki.
Tsaron wuta yayin shigarwa na USB ya haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:
A ƙarshen samun damar kebul, ya kamata a haɗa igiyoyi na waje zuwa igiyoyi masu aminci da wuta
Guji shigarwa a cikin ɗakuna da wuraren da ke da haɗarin wuta
Katangar wuta ta bango ya kamata ya iya ƙonewa na dogon lokaci kuma yana da rufin zafi da matsananciyar iska.
Tsaro yana da mahimmanci yayin shigarwa