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Eriya kashi na kifi

Eriyar kashin kifi, wanda kuma ake kira eriyar gefen, eriya ce ta gajeriyar igiyar ruwa ta musamman.A cikin tazara na yau da kullun ta hanyar haɗin kan layi na tarin oscillator guda biyu, ana karɓar oscillator na simmetric bayan ƙaramar tarin capacitor akan layi.A ƙarshen layin tarin, wato, ƙarshen yana fuskantar hanyar sadarwa, an haɗa juriya daidai da sifa ta sifa ta layin tarin, kuma sauran ƙarshen an haɗa shi da mai karɓa ta hanyar ciyarwa.Idan aka kwatanta da eriyar rhombus, eriyar kashin kifi yana da fa'idodi na ƙananan gefen gefe (wato, ƙarfin karɓa mai ƙarfi a cikin babban jagorar lobe, rashin ƙarfi na karɓa a wasu wurare), ƙananan hulɗar tsakanin eriya da ƙananan yanki;Rashin hasara shine ƙarancin inganci, shigarwa da amfani sun fi rikitarwa.

Yagi antenna

Har ila yau ana kiran eriya.Ya ƙunshi sandunan ƙarfe da yawa, ɗaya daga cikinsu na'urar ne, mai dogon tunani a bayan radiator, da 'yan gajeru kaɗan a gaban radiator.Ana amfani da oscillator rabin-naɗe-haɗe a cikin radiyo.Matsakaicin jagorar radiyo na eriya iri ɗaya ne da alamar jagorar.Yagi eriya yana da fa'idodin tsari mai sauƙi, haske da ƙarfi, ciyarwa mai dacewa;Hasara: kunkuntar mitar band da rashin tsangwama.Aikace-aikace a cikin sadarwar igiyar ruwa ta ultrashort da radar.

Fan eriya

Yana da farantin karfe da waya na karfe nau'i biyu.Daga cikin su, akwai farantin karfen fan, akwai nau'in waya na karfen fan.Irin wannan eriya yana faɗaɗa maɗaurin mitar saboda yana ƙara yanki na eriya.Eriya bangaren waya na iya amfani da wayoyi na karfe uku, hudu ko biyar.Ana amfani da eriya na yanki don liyafar igiyar ruwa ta ultrashort.

Eriyar mazugi biyu

Eriyar mazugi biyu ta ƙunshi mazugi biyu masu kishiyar mazugi, kuma tana ciyarwa a saman mazugi.Ana iya yin mazugi daga saman karfe, waya ko raga.Kamar eriyar keji, adadin mitar eriyar yana faɗaɗa yayin da ɓangaren ɓangaren eriyar ya karu.An fi amfani da eriyar mazugi biyu don liyafar igiyar ruwa ta ultrashort.

Parabolic eriya

Eriya paraboloid eriya ce ta microwave mai jagora wacce ta ƙunshi na'ura mai juyayi paraboloid da radiator da aka ɗora akan wurin mai da hankali ko axis na mai nuna paraboloid.Wutar lantarki da ke fitarwa ta hanyar radiyo yana nunawa ta hanyar paraboloid, yana samar da katako mai kwatance sosai.

Parabolic reflector, wanda aka yi da karfe tare da kyawawa mai kyau, akwai hanyoyi guda huɗu masu zuwa: juyawa paraboloid, cylindrical paraboloid, yankan juzu'i mai jujjuyawar paraboloid da elliptic gefen paraboloid, wanda aka fi amfani dashi shine juyawa paraboloid da cylindrical paraboloid.Rabin oscillator, buɗaɗɗen waveguide, raƙuman raƙuman ruwa da sauransu ana amfani da su gabaɗaya a cikin radiators.

Eriyar parabolic tana da fa'idodin tsari mai sauƙi, ƙarfi mai ƙarfi da maɗaurin mitar aiki mai faɗi.Rashin hasara shine: saboda radiator yana cikin filin lantarki na mai nuna alamar parabolic, mai haskakawa yana da babban amsa ga radiator, kuma yana da wuya a sami kyakkyawan wasa tsakanin eriya da mai ciyarwa.Radiyon baya ya fi girma;Matsayi mara kyau na kariya;High samar madaidaici.Ana amfani da eriya sosai a cikin sadarwa ta hanyar isar da sako ta microwave, sadarwar watsa shirye-shiryen tropospheric, radar da talabijin.

Horn paraboloid eriya

Eriya paraboloid ƙaho ya ƙunshi sassa biyu: ƙaho da paraboloid.Paraboloid yana rufe ƙaho, kuma gefen ƙahon yana a wurin da ke tsakiyar paraboloid.Ƙaho shine radiator, yana haskaka igiyoyin lantarki zuwa paraboloid, igiyoyin lantarki na lantarki bayan bayyanar paraboloid, mai da hankali a cikin ƙananan katako da aka fitar.Abubuwan da ke tattare da eriyar paraboloid na ƙaho su ne: mai haskakawa ba shi da amsa ga radiator, radiator ba shi da tasirin kariya akan raƙuman ruwa da ke nunawa, kuma eriya tayi daidai da na'urar ciyarwa;Radiation na baya kadan ne;Babban matakin kariya;Ƙungiyar mitar aiki tana da faɗi sosai;Tsarin sauƙi.Horn paraboloid eriya ana amfani da ko'ina a cikin akwati gudun ba da sanda sadarwa.

Horn eriya

Kuma ana kiranta Angle eriya.Ya ƙunshi daidaitaccen jagorar igiyar igiyar ruwa da jagorar ƙaho tare da ɓangaren giciye a hankali yana ƙaruwa.Eriyar ƙaho tana da nau'i uku: eriyar ƙahon fan, eriyar ƙahon ƙahon da eriyar ƙahon conical.Eriyar ƙaho ɗaya ce daga cikin eriyar microwave ɗin da aka fi amfani da ita, galibi ana amfani da ita azaman radiator.Amfaninsa shine bandejin mitar aiki mai faɗi;Lalacewar ya fi girma girma, kuma ga ma'auni iri ɗaya, jagorarsa ba ta da kaifi kamar eriyar parabolic.

Eriya ruwan tabarau

Ya ƙunshi ƙaho da ruwan tabarau da aka ɗora akan buɗaɗɗen ƙaho, don haka ana kiransa eriyar ruwan tabarau na ƙaho.Duba eriyar Lens don ƙa'idar ruwan tabarau.Wannan nau'in eriya yana da madaidaicin madaurin mitar aiki, kuma yana da kariya mafi girma fiye da eriyar parabolic.Ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin sadarwar akwati na microwave tare da adadin tashoshi masu yawa.

Eriya ruwan tabarau

A cikin rukunin santimita, ana iya amfani da ka'idodin gani da yawa akan eriya.A cikin na'urorin gani, kalaman mai siffar zobe da ke haskakawa ta hanyar ma'ana a madaidaicin wurin ruwan tabarau na iya canzawa zuwa igiyar jirgin sama ta hanyar jujjuyawar ta cikin ruwan tabarau.An yi eriyar ruwan tabarau ta amfani da wannan ka'ida.Ya ƙunshi ruwan tabarau da radiyo da aka sanya a wurin mai da hankali na ruwan tabarau.Akwai nau'ikan eriyar ruwan tabarau iri biyu: eriyar ruwan tabarau dielectric da eriyar ruwan tabarau mai haɓaka ƙarfe.An yi ruwan tabarau da ƙananan - babban hasara - matsakaicin mita, mai kauri a tsakiya kuma na bakin ciki a kusa.Girgizar ƙasa mai kamanni da ke fitowa daga tushen radiation yana raguwa yayin da yake wucewa ta ruwan tabarau na dielectric.Don haka magudanar ruwa yana da doguwar hanya ta raguwa a tsakiyar ruwan tabarau, da kuma gajeriyar hanyar rugujewa a cikin kewaye.A sakamakon haka, igiyar ruwa mai sassauƙa ta ratsa ta cikin ruwan tabarau kuma ya zama igiyar jirgin sama, wato, radiation ya zama daidaitacce.Lens ya ƙunshi faranti na ƙarfe da yawa na tsayi daban-daban waɗanda aka sanya su a layi daya.Farantin karfe yana tsaye zuwa ƙasa, kuma mafi kusa da shi zuwa tsakiyar, ya fi guntu.Raƙuman ruwa suna daidai da farantin karfe

Ana haɓaka yaduwa matsakaici.Lokacin da igiyar ruwa mai siffar zobe daga tushen radiation ya ratsa ta cikin ruwan tabarau na ƙarfe, ana ƙara shi tare da doguwar hanya kusa da gefen ruwan tabarau da gajeriyar hanya a tsakiya.A sakamakon haka, igiyar ruwa mai siffar zobe ta hanyar ruwan tabarau na karfe ya zama igiyar jirgin sama.

Eriyar ruwan tabarau tana da fa'idodi masu zuwa:

1. Lobe na gefe da lobe na baya suna da ƙananan, don haka zane-zanen shugabanci ya fi kyau;

2. Madaidaicin ruwan tabarau na masana'anta ba shi da girma, don haka ya dace don samarwa.Rashin rashin amfaninsa shine ƙarancin inganci, tsarin hadaddun da farashi mai girma.Ana amfani da eriya ta ruwan tabarau a cikin sadarwa ta hanyar isar da sako ta microwave.

Ramin eriya

Ana buɗe kunkuntar ramuka ɗaya ko da yawa akan babban farantin ƙarfe kuma ana ciyar da su tare da layin coaxial ko jagorar wave.Eriya da aka kafa ta wannan hanyar ana kiranta eriya mai ratsa jiki, wacce kuma aka sani da eriya tsagewa.Don samun radiation unidirectional, an yi rami a bayan farantin karfe, kuma ana ciyar da tsagi kai tsaye ta hanyar waveguide.Eriyar da aka rataye tana da tsari mai sauƙi kuma ba ta da ƙarfi, don haka ya dace musamman ga jirgin sama mai sauri.Rashin hasara shi ne cewa yana da wuyar kunnawa.

Dielectric eriya

Dielectric eriyar ƙaramin asara ce mai girman mitar dielectric abu (gaba ɗaya tare da polystyrene) wanda aka yi da sanda mai zagaye, ɗayan ƙarshensa ana ciyar da shi tare da layin coaxial ko waveguide.2 shine tsawo na mai gudanarwa na ciki na layin coaxial, yana samar da oscillator don tayar da igiyoyin lantarki;3 shine layin coaxial;4 shine hannun karfe.Ayyukan hannun riga ba kawai don matsawa sandar dielectric ba, har ma don yin la'akari da igiyoyin lantarki, don tabbatar da cewa igiyoyin lantarki suna jin dadi ta hanyar ciki na layin coaxial kuma ya yada zuwa ƙarshen free na dielectric sanda. .Fa'idodin eriyar dielectric ƙananan girma ne da kaifin shugabanci.Rashin hasara shine cewa matsakaici yana da asara don haka ba shi da inganci.

eriya ta Periscope

A cikin hanyoyin sadarwa na isar da sako ta microwave, ana ɗora eriya akan manyan goyan baya, don haka ana buƙatar masu ciyarwa masu tsayi don ciyar da eriya.Dogon ciyarwa zai haifar da matsaloli da yawa, kamar hadaddun tsari, asarar makamashi mai yawa, murdiya sakamakon tunani mai ƙarfi a mahaɗin feeder, da sauransu. Don shawo kan waɗannan matsalolin, ana iya amfani da eriya ta periscope, wacce ta ƙunshi ƙaramin madubi mai radiyo wanda aka saka akan shi. kasa da madubi na sama da aka dora akan wani sashi.Radiator na ƙasa gabaɗaya eriyar parabolic ce, kuma babban madubin madubi farantin karfe ne.Radiator na ƙasa yana fitar da raƙuman lantarki zuwa sama kuma yana nuna su daga farantin karfe.Fa'idodin eriyar periscope sune ƙarancin ƙarancin kuzari, ƙarancin murdiya da ingantaccen inganci.Ana amfani dashi da yawa a cikin sadarwa ta hanyar isar da sako ta microwave tare da ƙaramin ƙarfi.

A karkace eriya

Eriya ce mai sifar helical.Ya ƙunshi helix ɗin ƙarfe mai kyau na ɗabi'a, yawanci tare da ciyarwar layin coaxial, layin coaxial na layin tsakiya kuma an haɗa ƙarshen ƙarshen helix ɗin, ana haɗa mai sarrafa waje na layin coaxial da cibiyar sadarwar ƙarfe ta ƙasa (ko farantin karfe).Hanyar radiation na eriyar helical tana da alaƙa da kewayen helix.Lokacin da kewayen helix ɗin ya fi ƙanƙanta da tsayin raƙuman ruwa, alkiblar radiation mafi ƙarfi ta kasance daidai da axis na helix.Lokacin da kewayen helix ɗin ke kan tsari na tsawon zango ɗaya, mafi ƙarfi radiation yana faruwa tare da axis na helix.

Antenna tuner

Cibiyar sadarwar da ta dace da impedance wacce ke haɗa mai watsawa zuwa eriya, wanda ake kira mai gyara eriya.Matsalolin shigarwa na eriya ya bambanta sosai tare da mitar, yayin da abin da ake fitarwa na mai watsawa ya tabbata.Idan mai watsawa da eriya suna da alaƙa kai tsaye, lokacin da mitar mai watsawa ta canza, rashin daidaituwa tsakanin mai watsawa da eriya zai rage ƙarfin radiation.Yin amfani da madaidaicin eriya, yana yiwuwa a dace da rashin ƙarfi tsakanin mai watsawa da eriya ta yadda eriyar ta sami matsakaicin ƙarfin haske a kowane mitar.Ana amfani da madaidaitan eriya sosai a cikin ƙasa, abin hawa, jirgin ruwa da tashoshin rediyo na gajeriyar igiyar jirgin sama.

Shiga eriya lokaci-lokaci

Eriya ce mai fadi, ko eriya mai zaman kanta ta mitar.Eriya ce mai sauƙi ta lokaci-lokaci wacce tsayin dipole da tazara ta dace da alaƙa mai zuwa: τ dipole ana ciyar da ita ta hanyar layin watsa wayoyi guda biyu na uniform, wanda ke canzawa tsakanin dipoles kusa.Wannan eriya tana da siffa cewa kowace sifa a mitar F za a maimaita ta a kowace mitar da aka bayar ta τ ko f, inda n ta kasance lamba.Waɗannan mitoci duk an yi su daidai da sarari akan sandar log, kuma lokacin yayi daidai da log na τ.Don haka sunan eriya lokaci-lokaci logarithmic.Eriya na lokaci-lokaci kawai suna maimaita tsarin radiation lokaci-lokaci da halayen rashin ƙarfi.Amma ga irin wannan tsarin, idan τ bai kasance ƙasa da 1 ba, canje-canjen halayensa a cikin lokaci kadan ne, don haka yana da 'yanci daga mita.Akwai nau'ikan eriya na lokaci-lokaci, kamar eriyar log-periodic dipole da eriyar monopole, eriyar lokaci-lokaci resonant V mai siffa, eriya-lokaci-lokaci karkace, da sauransu. Wanda ya fi kowa shine eriyar log-periodic dipole.Ana amfani da waɗannan eriya sosai a cikin makada sama da gajerun raƙuman ruwa da gajere.